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A man in orange and blue clothing is cross-country skiing through the snow.

Winter Sports Equipment

Cross-Country Skiing

Cross-Country Skiing Gear: The extra push for the slope

Cross-Country Skiing – The Winter Sport for Full-Body Training and Enjoying Nature

Cross-country skiing is not only an effective full-body workout that engages numerous muscle groups. This endurance winter sport is also gentle on the joints and offers a wonderful opportunity to enjoy the winter landscape while staying active. Here, you’ll learn everything about techniques, equipment, and tips to boost your performance and fully enjoy cross-country skiing.

An overview of cross-country skiing techniques

Learning cross-country skiing is easier than you might think: Beginners usually start with the classic technique, which closely resembles Nordic walking due to its diagonal arm and leg movements. For those trying cross-country skiing for the first time, it’s a good idea to practice the proper movements on a flat and smooth ski trail. The classic technique is almost exclusively practiced on specially prepared cross-country trails, known as groomed tracks. You can get started as soon as you feel reasonably confident. 

Essentially, two techniques are practiced in classic cross-country skiing:

You can see a man cross-country skiing in the Alps

The double-poling technique is the most important method of propulsion in classic cross-country skiing. Here, the glide of both skis is driven forward by a parallel arm push. The cross-country skis remain parallel to each other in the track. Skiers bend their knees slightly during this motion. For amateurs, the legs take a break and do not generate propulsion, merely staying in the track. Professionals, however, create additional propulsion by rolling through their toes.

The herringbone step is a climbing technique used when the grip in diagonal striding is no longer sufficient for forward movement on steep terrain. Propulsion is achieved by pushing off the edges of the splayed skis, while the poles are positioned at the level of the body or slightly behind it. There is no glide phase in this technique.

You can see a man cross-country skiing in the Alps
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Enjoy the winter wonderland even more with our products for cross-country skiing

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A man with blue ski goggles, photographed from the front, is skiing in a winter landscape. He is wearing an orange jacket and blue ski trousers.

Compared to the classic style, the "skating step," also known as skating, is somewhat more demanding: A groomed track is not necessary for this technique, as it features more dynamic movements overall. Mastering the proper timing between pushing and gliding requires some practice and a good basic level of fitness. Therefore, it is typically reserved for more advanced cross-country skiers. However, if you spend a lot of time on inline skates in the summer, you’ll likely pick it up quickly on skis as well. Cross-country skiing skating also utilizes the following techniques:

  • In one-skate (also called single timing), each leg push is supported by a double-pole action.
  • In the asymmetric leading arm technique, the pole is used every second leg push, with the leading hand’s pole positioned close to the ski.
  • In the arm swing technique, the simultaneous push with both arms occurs only every second step.
  • In diagonal skating, primarily used by less experienced skiers to conserve energy on climbs, the movement resembles the herringbone step in classic cross-country skiing but includes a small glide phase.
Two women stand relaxed in a snow-covered forest, preparing for cross-country skiing. Their sporty clothing keeps them warm as they gaze into the distance.

Regardless of which cross-country skiing technique you use, all of them are physically demanding after a certain time: Not only do you have to make sure your posture is straight and your back is stable, but your legs in particular are working to the max. With our Sports Compression Sleeves for lower legs and thighs, your leg muscles will last longer on the cross-country ski trail.

Sports Compression Sleeves Upper Leg

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Our compression sleeves for the arm offer you the perfect support for swinging your cross-country poles and powerful push-off:

Sports Compression Sleeves Arm

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Cross-country skiing for endurance and fitness - How to avoid sore muscles and muscle fatigue

As already mentioned, the muscles in your upper and lower extremities are primarily used during cross-country skiing due to the constant strain, which can quickly lead to cramps or sore muscles, especially in untrained runners. The torso and back also have to make a major contribution as they are responsible for stability and bear a large part of the body weight during running. The constant strain on the ankle joints also often leads to muscular fatigue. If you want additional support for your ankle when cross-country skiing, the Sports Ankle Support should not be missing from your equipment.

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Cross-country skiing also places great demands on your stamina. It is therefore advisable to have your state of health checked by a doctor in advance if you are unsure. If you have an infection or are otherwise physically unwell, you should avoid sport completely on these days anyway.

A man, photographed head-on from a distance, is cross-country skiing. Green forest trees can be seen in the background

Minimising the risk of injury & increasing endurance with proper cross-country skiing gear

A close-up of cross-country skiing gear: An athlete puts on neon pink functional socks while high-quality skiing boots and skis lie on the snow beside her.

The right equipment is crucial for cross-country skiing. It is best to seek expert advice in a winter sports shop. Skis form the basis, with classic and skating styles requiring different models. Bindings ensure a secure grip, while special cross-country boots provide optimum control and comfort. Ski poles provide stability and propulsion, and choosing the right clothing, including breathable clothing and matching accessories such as ski goggles, hats and gloves, is essential to stay warm and dry.
Compared to alpine skiing or snowboarding, the danger on the cross-country ski trail is relatively low, but there are still risk factors for cross-country skiing injuries. Icy trails or steep descents can lead to falls. However, inadequate training and, as a result, overloading and incorrect loading can also lead to painful consequences such as torn ligaments, inflammation or prolonged muscle tension (muscle dystonia).
The good news is that you can also proactively prevent such injury risks when cross-country skiing with the right equipment.

The Ski Socks from Bauerfeind Sports have been proven to increase your power through targeted compression. You benefit from a higher rapid and maximum power and improve blood circulation which prevents muscle and tissue damage - allowing you to stay on track for longer. The socks are made of a breathable, high-tech microfiber, which perfectly adapts to your body’s profile and has a temperature and moisture-regulating effect - which guarantees a high wearing comfort even during long tours.
Our ski socks are available in two versions:

Our Sports Recovery Socks are the ideal solution to promote your recovery after a strenuous cross-country skiing tour. Take a look at them now!!

An elderly man wearing ski goggles, a brown headband and an orange-blue winter jacket was photographed in a portrait in front of a white forest.
Two women cross-country skiing through snow-covered forests. They are wearing colorful winter sportswear and gliding dynamically through the snow. The scene is dominated by dense snowy fir trees, emphasizing the winter wonderland.

🎿 10 Essential Tips for Getting Started with Cross-Country Skiing

  • Choose the right gear: Cross-country skis, boots, and poles should be tailored to your height and skill level.
  • Learn the basics: Practice classic techniques like the diagonal stride and double-poling on flat terrain.
  • Warm up properly: A good warm-up routine prevents injuries and enhances performance.
  • Start slow: Don’t overdo it – gradually increase your distance and refine your technique.
  • Know the trail rules: Follow markings and be respectful of other skiers.
  • Wear the right clothing: Breathable, waterproof clothing is ideal – don’t forget gloves and a hat!
  • Stay hydrated: Even in winter, your body loses fluids, so remember to drink water.
  • Take a lesson: A cross-country skiing course can help you progress faster.
  • Build your endurance: Regular training, even off the trails, will boost your performance.
  • Enjoy the scenery: Take the time to clear your mind and soak in the beauty of the winter landscape. ❄️
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